Dynamic study of oral Candida infection and immune status in HIV infected patients during HAART.

OBJECTIVETo dynamically monitor oral Candida infection, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts, CD8⁺ T lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios in HIV/AIDS patients during their first year of HAART and to preliminarily explore the relationships between them.DESIGNForty-six patients with HIV/AIDS receiving HAART at the Infection Department of Chongqing Red Cross Hospital were followed for one year.

At baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after HAART initiation, oral rinses were collected and cultured to identify Candida species. Further, blood samples were collected to detect CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts, CD8⁺ T lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios.

TBS Buffer 10X
42020056-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 53.42

TBS Buffer 10X
42020056-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 183.56

TBS Buffer 10X
42020056-4	Bio-WORLD	6 L	EUR 275.16

TBS Buffer, 10x
TBS5024	Tribioscience	1L	EUR 45

TBS Buffer, 10X
T8057-100	GenDepot	1L	EUR 54

TBS Buffer, 10X
T8057-105	GenDepot	5x1L	EUR 185

TBSTw (10X) (TBS with Tween-20, 10X)
ST673-100ml	Beyotime Biotech Inc	100 mL	Ask for price

TBSTw (10X) (TBS with Tween-20, 10X)
ST673-500ml	Beyotime Biotech Inc	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS 10X, pH 7.6
42020386-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.43

TBS 10X, pH 7.6
42020386-2	Bio-WORLD	2 L	EUR 70.27

TBS 10X, pH 7.6
42020386-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 158.18

TBS 10X, pH 7.6
42020386-4	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 31.76

TBS 10X, pH 8.0
42020387-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.43

TBS 10X, pH 8.0
42020387-2	Bio-WORLD	2 L	EUR 79.96

TBS 10X, pH 8.0
42020387-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 158.18

TBS 10X, pH 8.0
42020387-4	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 31.76

TBS(10x)(pH 7.4)
12748-31	NACALAI TESQUE	1L	EUR 45.5

TBS 10X, pH 7.5
40220094-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 23.21

TBS 10X, pH 7.5
40220094-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.43

TBS 10X, pH 7.5
40220094-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 147.42

TBS/Tween-20 (10X, in Classical TBS)
NIBB-580	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	500 mL 1 L 2 L 4 L

TBS/Tween-20 (10X, in Classical TBS)
NIBB-580X	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	1 L 2 L 4 L

TBS/Tween-20 (10X, in Classical TBS)
NIBB-581	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	500 mL 1 L 2 L 4 L

TBS/Tween-20 (10X)
NIBB-180	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	500 mL 1 L 2 L 4 L

TBS/Tween-20 (10X)
NIBB-181	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	500 mL 1 L 2 L 4 L

TBSTx (10X) (TBS with Triton X-100, 10X)
ST677-100ml	Beyotime Biotech Inc	100 mL	Ask for price

TBSTx (10X) (TBS with Triton X-100, 10X)
ST677-500ml	Beyotime Biotech Inc	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS Buffer,10x (powder)
T1084	Solarbio Life Science	1 L	Ask for price

TBS (10X, premixed powder)
ST667-1L	Beyotime Biotech Inc	1 L	Ask for price

TBST (TBS-Tween 20), 10X
18-235	Genesee Scientific	500ml/Unit	EUR 45.57
Description: pH 7.6

TBST (TBS-Tween 20), 10X
18-235B	Genesee Scientific	1000ml/Unit	EUR 81.47
Description: pH 7.6

10X TBS with Tween-20
IBS-BT007	iNtRON Biotechnology Inc	1L	EUR 49

TBS Standard 10X, pH 7.4
40120195-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.88

TBS Standard 10X, pH 7.4
40120195-2	Bio-WORLD	2x1 L	EUR 78.56

TBS Standard 10X, pH 7.4
40120195-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 146.34

Isotonic TBS 10X, pH 7.4
40120440-1	Bio-WORLD	100 mL	Ask for price
Description: TBS

Isotonic TBS 10X, pH 7.4
40120440-2	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	Ask for price
Description: TBS

Isotonic TBS 10X, pH 7.4
40120440-3	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price
Description: TBS

TBS Buffer, 10X , Refill Pack
T8057-401	GenDepot	1 Gal	EUR 108

10X Tris Buffered Saline (TBS)
CH109	ABM	500 ml	EUR 50
Description: Tris-buffered saline (TBS) is an isotonic and non-toxic buffer used in biochemistry to maintain a relatively, narrow range of pH.

TBS Standard Solution 10X, Sterile
40121079-1	Bio-WORLD	100 mL	EUR 15.71

TBS Standard Solution 10X, Sterile
40121079-2	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 30.3

TBS Standard Solution 10X, Sterile
40121079-3	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 47.74

TBS Standard Solution 10X, Sterile
40121079-4	Bio-WORLD	6x1 L	EUR 244.25

Wash Solution 10X Concentrate (TBS)
SD2004	Celnovte Biotechnology	Ask for price Ask for price	50 mL 2500 mL

10X TBS with Tween-20 V3
IBS-BT006	iNtRON Biotechnology Inc	1L	EUR 49

10X TBS with 0.05% Tween-20
IBS-BT150	iNtRON Biotechnology Inc	1L	EUR 49

OORA00236-1L - 10X TBS pH 7.5
OORA00236-1L	Aviva Systems Biology	1L	EUR 139

TBS Low Salt 10X, pH 8.0
42020383-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.88

TBS Low Salt 10X, pH 8.0
42020383-2	Bio-WORLD	2 L	EUR 76.89

TBS Low Salt 10X, pH 8.0
42020383-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 147.42

TBS Low Salt 10X, pH 8.0
42020383-4	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 31.76

TBS High Salt 10X, pH 7.4
42020382-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS High Salt 10X, pH 7.4
42020382-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS High Salt 10X, pH 7.4
42020382-3	Bio-WORLD	2 L	Ask for price

TBS(10x)(pH 7.4)(High Salt)
12751-71	NACALAI TESQUE	1L	EUR 47.6

TBS 10X with 1% Tween 20
42020084-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.56

TBS 10X with 1% Tween 20
42020084-2	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 43.77

TBS 10X with 0.5% Tween 20
42020390-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 33.45

TBS 10X with 0.5% Tween 20
42020390-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 52.75

TBS 10X with 0.5% Tween 20
42020390-3	Bio-WORLD	2 L	EUR 85.28

TBS 10X with 0.5% Tween 20
42020390-4	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 149.57

TBS 10X with 0.5% Tween 20
42020390-5	Bio-WORLD	20 L	EUR 428.24

TBS 10X with 1% Tween 20
42020392-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS 10X with 1% Tween 20
42020392-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS 10X with 1% Tween 20
42020392-3	Bio-WORLD	2 L	Ask for price

TBS/Tween-20 (10X, pH 7.6)
NIBB-181-6	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	500 mL 1 L 2 L

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120171-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120171-2	Bio-WORLD	2x1 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120171-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.6
40120173-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 53.42

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.6
40120173-2	Bio-WORLD	2x1 L	EUR 78.01

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.6
40120173-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 144.18

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120215-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120215-2	Bio-WORLD	2x1 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer 10X, pH 7.4
40120215-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	Ask for price

TBS 10X with 1% Triton X-100
42020389-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 33.45

TBS 10X with 1% Triton X-100
42020389-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.43

TRIS Buffered Saline (TBS); 10X solution
GB3555	Glentham Life Sciences	500ml	EUR 68.98

10X TBS minus potassium chloride, pH 7.4
IBS-BT041	iNtRON Biotechnology Inc	1L	EUR 49

TBS for Western Blot 10X, pH 7.4
42020384-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS for Western Blot 10X, pH 7.4
42020384-2	Bio-WORLD	2 L	Ask for price

TBS for Western Blot 10X, pH 7.4
42020384-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	Ask for price

TBS for Western Blot 10X, pH 7.4
42020384-4	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS Solution for FACS 10X, pH 7.6
40120439-1	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS Solution for FACS 10X, pH 7.6
40120439-2	Bio-WORLD	1 L	Ask for price

TBS Wash Buffer with NP-40 10X
40120362-1	Bio-WORLD	250 ml	EUR 38.72

TBS Wash Buffer with NP-40 10X
40120362-2	Bio-WORLD	500 ml	EUR 50.06

OORA00251-10U - 10X TBS Fish Gel Concentrate
OORA00251-10U	Aviva Systems Biology	1Each	EUR 480

OORA00251-1EA - 10X TBS Fish Gel Concentrate
OORA00251-1EA	Aviva Systems Biology	1Each	EUR 439

OORA00253-100ML - 10X TBS Fish Gel Concentrate
OORA00253-100ML	Aviva Systems Biology	100mL	EUR 119

1L TBS (10X) Tris Buffered Saline - 1L
NAT1244	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	1L	EUR 112.05

TBS Standard Buffer with NP-40 10X
40120360-1	Bio-WORLD	250 ml	Ask for price

TBS Standard Buffer with NP-40 10X
40120360-2	Bio-WORLD	500 ml	Ask for price

NP-40 Permeating Solution (1%) in 10X TBS
22040067-1	Bio-WORLD	100 mL	EUR 21.62

NP-40 Permeating Solution (1%) in 10X TBS
22040067-2	Bio-WORLD	250 mL	EUR 34.21

NP-40 Permeating Solution (1%) in 10X TBS
22040067-3	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 63.5

TBS buffer (Tris-Buffered Saline), 10x Solution
UA00279	Bio Basic	500ml	EUR 70.18

Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) 10x pH 8.0, 1000 ml
12-9134-10	Medicago	1000 ml	EUR 550.8

BSA (10%) Blocking Buffer in 10X TBS, pH 7.4
40220068-1	Bio-WORLD	100 mL	EUR 68.8

BSA (10%) Blocking Buffer in 10X TBS, pH 7.4
40220068-2	Bio-WORLD	200 mL	EUR 119.29

BSA (10%) Blocking Buffer in 10X TBS, pH 7.4
40220068-3	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 210.64

TBS High Salt for Western Blot Washing 10X
10530026-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 49.5

TBS High Salt for Western Blot Washing 10X
10530026-2	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 136.65

10X Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) for molecular biology
83471	Sisco Laboratories	500 ml	EUR 14.7
Description: Part B

TBS Buffer 10X, pH 7.4, DNase, RNase, Protease Free
42020060-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 42.05

TBS Buffer 10X, pH 7.4, DNase, RNase, Protease Free
42020060-2	Bio-WORLD	2 L	EUR 65.1

TBS Buffer 10X, pH 7.4, DNase, RNase, Protease Free
42020060-3	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 21.33

TBS Buffer Low Salt for Western Blot Washing 10X
10530027-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 40.31

TBS Buffer Low Salt for Western Blot Washing 10X
10530027-2	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 136.65

TBS Buffer Low Salt for Western Blot Washing 10X
10530027-3	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 52.75

Tris Buffered Saline (TBS), pH 8.0±0.2, 10X Concentrate
24082-1	Polysciences Europe GmbH	1L	EUR 78.84
Description: 7732-18-5

Tris Buffered Saline (TBS), pH 8.0±0.2, 10X Concentrate
24082-500	Polysciences Europe GmbH	500ml	EUR 57.24
Description: 7732-18-5

TBS Standard Solution (10X) with 0.5% Tween 20, Sterile
40121078-1	Bio-WORLD	100 mL	EUR 19.07

TBS Standard Solution (10X) with 0.5% Tween 20, Sterile
40121078-2	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 32.55

TBS Standard Solution (10X) with 0.5% Tween 20, Sterile
40121078-3	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 63.65

T-Pro Washing buffer in TBS and Tween-20 (10X)
JB09-I004	T-Pro Biotechnology	500ml/BT	EUR 40

TBS with 0.5% Tween 20 with Sodium Azide 10X, pH 7.4
40120196-1	Bio-WORLD	1 L	EUR 44.44

TBS with 0.5% Tween 20 with Sodium Azide 10X, pH 7.4
40120196-2	Bio-WORLD	2x1 L	EUR 78.34

TBS with 0.5% Tween 20 with Sodium Azide 10X, pH 7.4
40120196-3	Bio-WORLD	4 L	EUR 141.83

TBS, 20X
18-236	Genesee Scientific	500ml/Unit	EUR 54.33
Description: pH 7.4

TBS, 20X
18-236B	Genesee Scientific	1000ml/Unit	EUR 91.8
Description: pH 7.4

TBS (20X)
ST663-500ml	Beyotime Biotech Inc	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS,20x
T1080	Solarbio Life Science	500 mL	Ask for price

TBS/Tween-20 (20X, in Classical TBS)
NIBB-581X	Novatein Biosciences, Inc.	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	1 L 2 L 4 L

RESULTSThe prevalence of OC decreased after HAART initiation (P ＜ 0.05), and Candida albicans was the dominant species isolated from the oral cavity (66/93). At 3, 6 and 12 months after HAART initiation, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts were 327.91 ± 138.82, 329.65 ± 142.66 and 319.98 ± 97.90 cells/mm³, respectively, which were significantly higher than the level at baseline (263.39 ± 126.01 cells/mm³) (P = 0.016, P = 0.014, and P = 0.035, respectively).

During the first year of HAART, CD4/CD8 ratios increased gradually, and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte counts decreased continually. OC was associated with low CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts and a low CD4/CD8 ratio. CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts <200 cells/mm³ and Candida load ≥300 CFU/mL were risk factors for OC (P ＜ 0.05), and oral Candida load was negatively correlated with CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio.OC might be a useful marker for the evaluation of immune status in patients with HIV/AIDS.