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Motivations to use hormonal contraceptive methods and condoms among HIV-positive and negative women randomized to a progestin contraceptive in Malawi: a qualitative study

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Motivations to use hormonal contraceptive methods and condoms among HIV-positive and negative women randomized to a progestin contraceptive in Malawi: a qualitative study
Although many international locations have been selling hormonal contraceptives to stop unintended being pregnant and condom use to stop HIV transmission, little is understood about how women focused by these messages have interpreted and internalized them. We describe HIV-positive and negative women’s understanding of the advantages of contraception and condoms and their motivations to use them. This is a qualitative sub-study from a scientific trial evaluating the results of progestin contraception on HIV-positive and negative women aged 18-45 years randomly assigned to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant.
We purposively recruited 41 women to take part in in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) after randomization into the principle study. We carried out a complete of 30 IDIs and 6 FGDs comprised of 4-7 women (N = 32). All women had been counselled about potential dangers for HIV acquisition/transmission with progestin-only contraception, drug-drug interactions between the implant and efavirenz-based ART, and the necessity to use condoms with their assigned contraceptive to assist stop being pregnant and HIV acquisition and transmission.
All women understood that HIV is transmitted via unprotected intercourse and that HIV transmission will be prevented via condom use however not DMPA injection or LNG implant use. Nearly all HIV-positive women knew or suspected that their companions had been additionally HIV-positive and had been most in utilizing condoms to stop an infection with a drug-resistant HIV pressure to preserve their HIV viral load low. Almost all reported that their companions agreed to condom use, however few used them constantly. Most women believed that condoms had been efficient at stopping each HIV and being pregnant if used constantly.
Nearly all women thought of contraception and condom use as essential in stopping unintended being pregnant and HIV as a result of associate disclosure of HIV standing is low. Our outcomes confirmed that each HIV-positive and negative women understood modes of HIV transmission and prevention and had been conscious that hormonal contraceptives are solely efficient for stopping being pregnant and not HIV. Although each HIV-negative and constructive women had been motivated to use condoms to stop each HIV acquisition and an infection with different HIV strains respectively, all of them confronted challenges from their companions in utilizing condoms constantly.

Multi-level issues for optimum implementation of long-acting injectable antiretroviral remedy to deal with individuals residing with HIV: views of well being care suppliers collaborating in part Three trials

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral remedy (LA ART) has been proven to be non-inferior to each day oral ART, with excessive affected person satisfaction and choice to oral customary of care in analysis to date, and has lately been accepted for use in the United States and Europe. This study examined the views of well being care suppliers collaborating in LA ART scientific trials on potential obstacles and options to LA ART roll-out into actual world settings. This evaluation attracts on two knowledge sources: (1) open-ended questions embedded in a structured on-line survey of 329 well being care suppliers collaborating in the ATLAS-2 M trial throughout 13 international locations; and (2) in-depth interviews with 14 suppliers collaborating in FLAIR/ ATLAS/ATLAS-2 M trials in the United States and Spain.
 Barriers and proposed options to LA ART implementation had been recognized on the particular person, clinic and well being system ranges. Provider perceptions of affected person stage obstacles included challenges with adhering to frequent injection appointments and injection tolerability. Proposed options included affected person training, having designated workers for clinic go to retention, and clinic flexibility with appointment scheduling. The most important supplier concern was figuring out applicable candidates for LA ART; proposed options centered on affected person supplier communication and choice making. Clinic stage obstacles included the necessity for added expert people to administer injections, shifts in workflow as demand will increase and the logistics of cold-chain storage.
Proposed options included workers hiring and coaching, strategic planning round workflow and logistics, and the potential of providing injections in different settings, together with the house. Health system stage obstacles included price and approvals from nationwide regulatory our bodies. Potential options included governments subsidizing therapy, guaranteeing price is aggressive with oral ART, and providing co-pay help. Results counsel the significance of multi-level assist techniques to optimize patient-provider communication and therapy decision-making; clinic staffing, workflow, logistics protocols and infrastructure; and cost-related elements inside a given well being system.
Motivations to use hormonal contraceptive methods and condoms among HIV-positive and negative women randomized to a progestin contraceptive in Malawi: a qualitative study

Using Incentives and Nudging to Improve Non-Targeted HIV Testing in Ecuador: A Randomized Trial

Under-detection of HIV/AIDS nonetheless burdens many low- and middle-income international locations (LMICs). Our randomized trial investigated the results of economic incentives and a behavioral nudge to induce HIV testing and studying HIV standing in Ecuador. In the management group, 12.2% of members agreed to testing, and 5.3% discovered outcomes. A monetary incentive paid at testing elevated the fraction of members examined by 50.1 share factors (95% CI 38.8 to 61.4) and the fraction who discovered their standing by 8.9 share factors (95% CI 5.3 to 12.5); the nudge had no impact.

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Description: Assay Kit for detection of LDH Cytotoxicity in the research laboratory
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of LDH Cytotoxicity in the research laboratory
CytoSelect LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
CBA-241 960 assays
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Description: Cell Biolabs? CytoSelect LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit provides a colorimetric format for measuring and monitoring cell cytotoxicity.  The kit contains sufficient reagents for the evaluation of 960 assays in 96-well plates.  Cells can be plated and then treated with compounds or agents that affect cell viability.  Upon cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a soluble enzyme found in the cytoplasm, is released into the growth media.  The growth media is then transferred to another plate and the released LDH is then detected with cytotoxicity reagent.  In the presence of lactate substrate (included in the LDH Cytotoxicity Reagent) LDH converts lactate to pyruvate and generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).   The WST-1 molecule, also present in the LDH Cytotoxicity Reagent, is converted from WST-1 to the orange formazan form.  An increase in cell cytotoxicity is accompanied by increased LDH release and increased colorimetric signal.  The assay principles are basic and can be applied to most eukaryotic cell lines, including adherent and non-adherent cells and certain tissues, depending on LDH expression levels.  The LDH Cytotoxicity Reagent can be used to detect cytotoxicity in bacteria, yeast, fungi, protozoa as well as cultured mammalian and piscine cells.
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K314-500
EUR 419
QuantiChrom? LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (C2LD-100)
C2LD-100 100
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Description: Quantitative determination of cytotoxicity based on cellular lactate dehydrogenase release into cell culture medium by colorimetric (565nm) method. Procedure: 30 min. Kit size: 100 tests. Detection limit: 2 U/L. Shelf life: 6 months. Shipping: ambient tem
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Caspase-1 Colorimetric Assay Kit
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K117-400
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Sulforhodamine B Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
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EZScreen? ATP Colorimetric Assay Kit (384-well)
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EZScreen? Glycogen Colorimetric Assay Kit (384-Well)
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Cell Meter™ Colorimetric Cell Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
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EZScreen? NAD+/NADH Colorimetric Assay Kit (384-well)
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EZScreen? Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit (384-well)
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Description: Rapid, bioluminescent luciferin/luciferase based assay for cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxcity, high-throµghput screening for anticancer agents. Procedure: 2 min. Kit size: 100 tests. Detection limit: 50 cells. Shelf life: 6 months. Shipping: on ic
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Bioluminescence Cytotoxicity in the research laboratory
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Description: Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) are uremic toxins created during oxidative stress through the reaction of plasma proteins with chlorinated oxidants such as chloramines or hypochlorous acid. AOPP levels are elevated in patients with renal complications, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis, as well as HIV-positive patients. Our OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit provides a convenient method to assess oxidative stress. The kit includes a Chloramine standard and an AOPP Human Serum Albumin conjugate for use as a positive control.
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Description: Rapid mix-and-measure procedure for determination of kinase activity and high-throµghput screening for kinase inhibitors by fluorimetric (530nm/590nm) method. Procedure: 10 min. Kit size: 400 tests. Detection limit: 0.01 U/L. Shelf life: 6 months. Shippin
Mouse Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) ELISA Kit
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Mouse Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) ELISA Kit
DLR-LDH-Mu-96T 96T
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Mouse Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) ELISA Kit
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1KIT
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MET-5012 100 assays
EUR 450
Description: Our Lactate Assay Kit measures L-lactate in biological samples. Lactate is first oxidized by lactate oxidase, yielding pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide released from this reaction is specifically detected by either a colorimetric or fluorometric probe in a 1:1 ratio. Lactate levels in unknown samples are determined based on a lactate standard curve.
Glycogen Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
MET-5022 100 assays
EUR 479
Description: Our Glycogen Assay Kit (Fluorometric) measures glycogen in serum, plasma, urine, lysates, and cell culture supernatants. First, glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers by amyloglucosidase. Glucose is then oxidized by glucose oxidase, producing D-gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide reacts specifically with the kit?s Fluorometric Probe and is detected at ex. 530-570 nm/em. 590-600 nm. Glycogen levels in unknown samples are determined based on the provided glycogen standard curve.
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MET-5025 100 assays
EUR 479
Description: Our Starch Assay Kit (Colorimetric) measures starch in food samples. First, starch is broken down into glucose monomers by amyloglucosidase. Glucose is then oxidized by glucose oxidase, producing D-gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide reacts specifically with the kit?s Colorimetric Probe and is detected with a spectrophotometric plate reader at 540-570nm. Starch levels in unknown samples are determined based on the provided starch standard curve.
Choline Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
MET-5043 96 assays
EUR 473
Description: Cell Biolabs? Choline Assay Kits are simple assays that measure the amount of choline present in a variety of sample types in a convenient 96-well microtiter plate format.  Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 96 assays, including blanks, acetylcholine standards and samples.  Sample choline concentrations are determined by comparison with a known choline standard and measured on a colorimetric plate reader.
Glutamate Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
MET-5080 200 assays
EUR 490
Acetylcholine Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
STA-603 96 assays
EUR 473
Description: Cell Biolabs? Acetylcholine Assay Kits are a simple fluorometric or colorimetric assay that measures the amount of acetylcholine present in plasma or serum, tissue homogenates, or cell suspensionsin a 96-well microtiter plate format.  Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 96 assays, including blanks, acetylcholine standards and samples.  Sample acetylcholine concentrations are determined by comparison with a known acetylcholine standard.
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STA-620 100 assays
EUR 519
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STA-680 500 assays
EUR 537
Description: The Glucose Assay Kit (Colorimetric) measures total glucose present in food or biological samples. Glucose Oxidase first oxidizes glucose, generating hydrogen peroxide that is detected by a colorimetric probe.
Calcium Colorimetric Assay Kit
K2067-250 250 assays
EUR 432
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K2068-100 100 assays
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K2069-100 100 assays
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k2074-500 500 assays
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Hydroxyproline Colorimetric Assay Kit
K2083-100 100 assays
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K2084-100 100 assays
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K2106-100 100 assays
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K2133-100 100 assays
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K2139-100 100 assays
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K2179-100 100 assays
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K2204-100 100 assays
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K2209-100 100 assays
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K2215-100 100 assays
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K2037-100 100assays
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K2046-100 100 assays
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K219-200
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AMP Colorimetric Assay Kit
K229-100
EUR 577
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K261-100
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Ammonia Colorimetric Assay Kit
K370-100
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The HIV-positive price was 1.2% in the management group, and incentives prompted a 4.7 share level (95% CI 0.5 to 8.9) increased proportion of HIV-positive detection. Incentives additionally induced earlier testing, suggesting diminished procrastination. This means that info with appropriately timed small monetary incentives can enhance HIV testing and detection of recent instances in the overall inhabitants in LMIC settings. Both assessments explored supplier views and clinic dynamics associated to the introduction of LA ART and had been analyzed utilizing thematic content material evaluation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was drawn on because the conceptual framework underpinning improvement of a mannequin depicting study findings.